Journal:

Article Title: Chlamydia trachomatis infection modulates trophoblast cytokine/chemokine production 1

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0800764

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inclusion formation and infection rates in trophoblast cells infected with C. trachomatis. (A) Trophoblast cells (Sw.71) were exposed to either No infection (NI), Ct serovar D (Ct-D) or Ct serovar L1 (Ct-L1) at a MOI of 1, by rocking/resting at room temperature for 2 hour. Inclusion formation was evaluated by light microscopy at 24 and 36 hours post-infection for Ct-L1 and Ct-D, respectively. Inclusions are highlighted by arrow heads (Mag. ×40). (B) After 36 hours of infection with or without Ct-L1 or Ct-D, inclusion formation in the Sw.71 and H8 cells was evaluated by by staining cells intracellularly with a FITC-conjugated mouse anti-Ct LPS mAb. Infection rates were then determined by both immmunofluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The flow cytometry histograms show two distinct populations: the left hand peak being the uninfected cells, and the right hand peak with the marker representing the infected trophoblast population.

Article Snippet: Following this incubation, membranes were washed three times as before and then incubated at room temperature for 1 hour with the horse anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated to peroxidase (Vector Labs) in PBS-T/1% FFPM.

Techniques: Infection, Light Microscopy, Staining, Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, Marker

Journal:

Article Title: Chlamydia trachomatis infection modulates trophoblast cytokine/chemokine production 1

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0800764

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection rates of trophoblast cells infected with C. trachomatis by different techniques. (A) H8 and Sw.71 cells were infected with Ct (serovar D) at an MOI of 1 by either rocking or by centrifugation. After 36 hours, the cells were collected and stained intracellularly with a FITC-conjugated mouse anti-Ct LPS mAb. Centrifugation resulted in a higher rate of infection in both cell lines (B) H8 and Sw.71 cells were infected with or without Ct (serovar D) at an MOI of 1 by centrifugation. After 48 and 72 hours inclusion formation was visualized by light microscopy. Inclusions contained within the cells are highlighted by arrow heads, while extruded inclusions are highlighted by asterisks (Mag. ×40).

Article Snippet: Following this incubation, membranes were washed three times as before and then incubated at room temperature for 1 hour with the horse anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated to peroxidase (Vector Labs) in PBS-T/1% FFPM.

Techniques: Infection, Centrifugation, Staining, Light Microscopy

Journal:

Article Title: Chlamydia trachomatis infection modulates trophoblast cytokine/chemokine production 1

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0800764

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chlamydia-infected trophoblast cells produce viable EBs. H8 and Sw.71 cells were infected with Ct (serovar D) at an MOI of 1 by centrifugation. After 36 hours, the cells were collected and stained intracellularly with a FITC-conjugated mouse anti-Ct LPS mAb. The infection levels were then determined by flow cytometry (i & iv). In parallel, lysates were prepared from Ct-infected H8 and Sw.71 cells and these were then immediately applied to a culture of uninfected HeLa cells. After 48 hours, the HeLa cells exposed to infected Sw.71 or H8 lysates were collected and the infection levels determined by flow cytometry. Histograms (ii & v) show the levels of HeLa cell Ct infection (solid line), when compared to the uninfected HeLa cells (dotted line). The HeLa cells exposed to infected Sw.71 or H8 lysates were also evaluated for inclusion formation by light microcopy (iii & vi). Inclusions contained within the cells are highlighted by arrow heads, while extruded inclusions are highlighted by asterisks (Mag. ×40) (iii & iv).

Article Snippet: Following this incubation, membranes were washed three times as before and then incubated at room temperature for 1 hour with the horse anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated to peroxidase (Vector Labs) in PBS-T/1% FFPM.

Techniques: Infection, Centrifugation, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Leucine Supplementation Accelerates Connective Tissue Repair of Injured Tibialis Anterior Muscle

doi: 10.3390/nu6103981

Figure Lengend Snippet: TA muscle cross-sections stained with Sirius red and analyzed under light and polarized microscopes (cross-sections on left and right, respectively, ( A )). Scale bar = 50 µm. Area density of connective tissue from TA muscles stained with Sirius red ( B ). Hydroxyproline content in muscles (µg/µL; ( C )). C, control muscles; Cryo, muscles analyzed on Day 10 post-cryolesion; Leu, muscles after 13 days of leucine supplementation; Cryo + Leu, leucine supplemented group analyzed on Day 10 post-cryolesion. Area density of connective tissue is presented as percentage of the whole muscle cross-section. a p < 0.05 vs. C; b p < 0.05 vs. Cryo. Data are presented as the mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Quantification of the connective tissue area density was performed by the Sirius red method and analyzed under light and polarized microscopes (PCM 2000; Nikon, Melville, New York, NY, USA), as previously reported [ , ].

Techniques: Staining, Muscles, Control